S-Bend and Y Waveguide Architectures in Germanate Glasses Irradiated by Femtosecond Laser
This study is focused on the fabrication and characterization of various dual waveguides through femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation of GeO2-based glass samples. The objective of the present work is to develop diverse waveguide configurations, namely straight, S-bend and Y-shaped waveguides within GeO2–PbO glasses embedded with silver nanoparticles, utilizing a double-guide platform, for photonic applications such as resonant rings and beam splitters. Enhanced guidance was observed with a larger radius of curvature (80 mm) among the two distinct S-bend waveguides produced. The maximum relative propagation loss was recorded for the S-bend waveguide with a 40 mm radius, while the minimum loss was noted for the Y-shaped waveguide. In the latter configuration, with an opening angle of 5° and a separation of 300 µm between the two arms, an output power ratio of 50.5/49.5 between the left and right arms indicated promising potential for beam splitter applications. During the study, the quality factor (M2) of the proposed architectures was measured and the 80 mm S-bend configuration presented the best symmetry between the x and y axes; in the case of the Y configuration the similarity between the M2 values in both axes, for the first and second arms, indicates comparable light guidance.
Citação
@online{thiago_vecchi2025,
author = {Thiago Vecchi , Fernandes and Camila Dias Da Silva , Bordon
and Niklaus Ursus , Wetter and Rossi, Wagner, De and Luciana Reyes
Pires , Kassab},
title = {S-Bend and Y Waveguide Architectures in Germanate Glasses
Irradiated by Femtosecond Laser},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
date = {2025-01-31},
doi = {10.3390/mi16020171},
langid = {pt-BR},
abstract = {This study is focused on the fabrication and
characterization of various dual waveguides through femtosecond (fs)
laser irradiation of GeO2-based glass samples. The objective of the
present work is to develop diverse waveguide configurations, namely
straight, S-bend and Y-shaped waveguides within GeO2–PbO glasses
embedded with silver nanoparticles, utilizing a double-guide
platform, for photonic applications such as resonant rings and beam
splitters. Enhanced guidance was observed with a larger radius of
curvature (80 mm) among the two distinct S-bend waveguides produced.
The maximum relative propagation loss was recorded for the S-bend
waveguide with a 40 mm radius, while the minimum loss was noted for
the Y-shaped waveguide. In the latter configuration, with an opening
angle of 5° and a separation of 300 µm between the two arms, an
output power ratio of 50.5/49.5 between the left and right arms
indicated promising potential for beam splitter applications. During
the study, the quality factor (M2) of the proposed architectures was
measured and the 80 mm S-bend configuration presented the best
symmetry between the x and y axes; in the case of the Y
configuration the similarity between the M2 values in both axes, for
the first and second arms, indicates comparable light guidance.}
}